To estimate the carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio (CIR), a formula dividing a constant, usually 300–500, by the total daily dose (TDD) of insulin, is widely utilized. An appropriate CIR varies for each meal of the day, however. Here, we investigate diurnal variation of CIR in hospitalized Japanese type 1 diabetic patients treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. After optimization o…
We investigated the role of insulin receptor substrate (Irs)-1 for diethylnitrosamine (DEN) plus high-fat (HF) diet-induced hepatic tumorigenesis in mice. We gave DEN by intraperitoneal injection at the dose of 80 mg/kg to 18-week-old wild-type (WT) and Irs1-knockout (Irs1-/-) mice, which were fed a HF diet from 8 weeks-of-age until they were killed (52 weeks). The Irs1-/- mice showed significa…