Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disease that is able to change a person’s level of consciousness and cause death with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 4.37%. In addition, the impact of these injuries can also cause cognitive damage and physical function. Giving sensory stimulation in the form of auditory stimulation as early as possible is very important for survival, quality of life and long-…
Family members of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients have commonly experienced high level of stress and uncertainty due to the patient's condition. To alleviate stress of family members, it requires providing care to fulfill family needs. Unfortunately, nurses often rarely assess the needs of family members. As a consequence nurses rarely provide the appropriate nursing care, and as a result…